Leeks – 430 seeds – AAA – Thai

Description

LEEKS

 

Price: 160 Taka per packet (sale price)

Quantity: 430 seeds (2 gram)

Brand: AAA (Chua Yong Seed Company LTD)

Country: Thailand

 

Germination Rate (approx.): 70%

Physical Purity (Min): 98%

Genetic Purity (Min): 98%

 

Seed Germination:

Parameter	Value	Remarks
Minimum germination temperature	4°C (39°F)	Germination is possible but extremely slow. (plantuse.plantnet.org)
Optimum temperature	16–20°C (61–68°F)	Most university and scientific references agree this provides the highest germination percentage. (plantuse.plantnet.org)
Maximum practical temperature	30°C (86°F)	Above this, germination percentage and seedling vigor decline sharply. (Cambridge University Press & Assessment)
Average recommended temperature	18°C	Best compromise across multiple studies.
Germination success (fresh certified seed)	80–95%	Commercial seed often exceeds 90%; older seed drops rapidly. (MSU Extension)
Seed viability	1–3 years (best); up to 5 years under ideal cold storage	Germination decreases markedly after 2–3 years. (MSU Extension)
Dormancy	No true dormancy	Fresh seed germinates readily under favorable conditions.

 

Comparison of reported optimum temperatures

Source	Optimum
PROTA	16–20°C (plantuse.plantnet.org)
Michigan State University	4–35°C germination possible; optimum near 18–21°C (MSU Extension)
Cambridge Seed Science Research	Reduced performance above 25–30°C (Cambridge University Press & Assessment)

 

Recommendation for Bangladesh

Because daytime temperatures frequently exceed 30°C from April through September, sowing during those months often results in:

• slower germination
• lower germination percentage
• weaker seedlings

Starting seeds indoors in an air-conditioned room or shaded nursery significantly improves success.

Germination Time

Condition	Days
Fastest observed	6–8 days
Average	10–14 days
Slow	18–21 days
Cold conditions	up to 28 days

 

Factors affecting germination

Factor	Effect
Temperature	Largest influence
Fresh seed	Higher germination
Consistent moisture	Essential
Deep sowing	Delays emergence
Soil crusting	Reduces emergence
Salinity	Decreases germination
Heat (>28°C)	Reduces vigor

 

Plant Dimensions

Characteristic	Metric	Imperial
Mature height	60–90 cm	24–36 in
Maximum height	120 cm	48 in
Plant spread	15–25 cm	6–10 in
Root depth	20–35 cm	8–14 in
Seed sowing depth	0.6–1.3 cm	¼–½ in

 

Bangladesh rooftop recommendation

Because containers restrict root expansion, expect mature plants to reach:

• 55–75 cm tall
• 15–20 cm spread

unless very deep containers are used.

Plant Spacing

Growing system	Recommended spacing
Containers	10–15 cm (4–6 in)
Raised beds	10–15 cm
Premium exhibition leeks	20–25 cm
Commercial production	10–15 cm

 

Closer spacing produces thinner “baby leeks,” while wider spacing yields thicker stems.

Row Spacing

Situation	Row spacing
Home garden	30 cm (12 in)
Raised bed	30–40 cm (12–16 in)
Commercial farm	45–60 cm (18–24 in)

 

The wider commercial spacing facilitates weeding, irrigation, and hilling (earthing up).

Support Requirement

Support	Required?
Trellis	❌ No
Stakes	❌ Usually no
Cages	❌ No
Netting	❌ No
String support	❌ No

 

When support becomes useful

Support may be beneficial only when:

• plants exceed 90 cm
• exposed rooftop locations experience strong winds
• exceptionally long blanching sleeves are used

Otherwise, leeks are self-supporting due to their overlapping leaf sheaths.

Seed to Harvest

Harvest stage	Days	Months
Baby leeks	60–75 days	2–2.5 months
Early harvest	90–110 days	3–3.5 months
Full maturity	120–150 days	4–5 months
Commercial harvest window	120–180 days	4–6 months

 

Newer cultivars can mature in approximately 75–90 days, while traditional cultivars often require 140–150 days. (University of Minnesota Extension)

Seed to Flowering (Bloom)

Leeks are naturally biennial, grown as annuals for edible stems.

Stage	Value
First flowering	280–380 days
Peak flowering	Second growing season
Flowering season	Spring to early summer after winter vernalization

 

Bangladesh

Natural flowering is uncommon in lowland Bangladesh because winter temperatures are generally insufficient for vernalization. Bolting is therefore rare under typical rooftop conditions. (plantuse.plantnet.org)

Container Recommendation

Individual plant

Container	Diameter	Depth	Volume
Minimum	20 cm (8 in)	25 cm (10 in)	6–8 L
Ideal	25 cm (10 in)	30 cm (12 in)	10–12 L
Premium	30 cm (12 in)	35–40 cm (14–16 in)	18–20 L

 

Multi-plant container

Size	Plants
60 cm planter	4–5
90 cm planter	7–8
120 cm planter	10–12

 

Raised bed recommendation

• Width: 90–120 cm
• Height: 25–30 cm
• Unlimited length
• Two to four rows per bed

Soil Requirements

Property	Recommendation
Texture	Sandy loam to fertile loam
Organic matter	High (5–10%)
Drainage	Excellent
Water holding	Moderate to high
Aeration	High
Electrical conductivity	<1.5 dS/m preferred
Ideal pH	6.2–6.8
Acceptable pH	6.0–7.5

 

Ideal soil characteristics

Leeks perform best in soils that:

• are rich in compost,
• remain evenly moist,
• are well aerated,
• do not become waterlogged,
• have a loose structure allowing stems to expand.

Heavy clay encourages disease and short, misshapen stems, while excessively sandy soils dry rapidly and require frequent irrigation.

Bangladesh rooftop recommendation

An ideal rooftop substrate should provide:

• rapid drainage during monsoon rains,
• good moisture retention between irrigations,
• high organic matter,
• low bulk density to reduce rooftop load.

Light Requirement

During Germination

Parameter	Recommendation	Notes
Light requirement	Light is not required; seeds germinate in darkness or light	Cover seeds lightly (0.6–1.3 cm).
Ideal temperature	16–20°C	Highest germination and vigor.
Relative humidity	80–95% around the seed zone	Keep the medium consistently moist, not saturated.
Soil moisture	Evenly moist	Avoid drying during germination.

 

Bangladesh recommendation: During warm months, use 40–50% shade cloth or germinate indoors to keep the medium cooler.

Mature Plants

Parameter	Recommendation
Minimum direct sun	5–6 hours/day
Optimum	6–8 hours/day
Maximum tolerance	Full sun if moisture is adequate
Shade tolerance	Moderate (30–40% shade)

 

Leeks tolerate light shade better than onions but produce thicker, sturdier stems under full sun.

Water Requirement

Leeks have relatively shallow roots and require consistent moisture throughout growth.

Growth stage	Water per plant	Frequency	Goal
Germination	0.05–0.10 L	Daily misting/light watering	Keep surface moist.
Seedling	0.10–0.20 L	Every 1–2 days	Encourage steady root growth.
Vegetative	0.40–0.70 L	Every 2–3 days (adjust for weather)	Support leaf and stem development.
Stem enlargement	0.70–1.00 L	2–3 times/week	Maintain uniform growth.
Mature plants	0.80–1.20 L	2–3 times/week	Avoid moisture fluctuations.

 

Bangladesh rooftop note: In hot, windy weather, containers may need daily watering. During the monsoon, reduce irrigation and ensure excellent drainage.

Signs of Overwatering

• Yellowing lower leaves
• Soft stem base
• Slow growth
• Root rot
• Fungus gnats

Signs of Underwatering

• Blue-green or dull leaves
• Wilting during the day
• Reduced stem diameter
• Leaf tip dieback
• Premature toughening of the stem

Nutrient Requirement

Leeks are moderate to heavy feeders, especially for nitrogen.

Nutrient	Relative demand	Role
Nitrogen (N)	High	Leaf and pseudostem growth
Phosphorus (P)	Moderate	Root development
Potassium (K)	Moderate–High	Water regulation and disease tolerance
Calcium	Moderate	Cell wall strength
Magnesium	Moderate	Chlorophyll formation
Sulfur	High	Characteristic Allium flavor compounds

 

Essential Micronutrients

Micronutrient	Importance
Iron	Chlorophyll synthesis
Zinc	Growth regulation
Boron	Cell division and root development
Copper	Enzyme activity
Manganese	Photosynthesis
Molybdenum	Nitrogen metabolism

 

Organic Sources

Material	Major nutrients supplied
Cow dung compost	Balanced NPK, organic matter
Vermicompost	N, P, K, beneficial microbes
Trichocompost	Organic matter + microbial activity
Horn meal	Slow-release nitrogen
Bone meal	Phosphorus and calcium
Neem cake powder	Nitrogen, micronutrients, pest suppression
Mustard cake powder	Nitrogen and sulfur
Oyster shell powder	Calcium
Epsom salt	Magnesium and sulfur

 

Organic Fertilizer Program

Initial Potting Mix (per 10–12 L container)

Ingredient	Amount
Cow dung compost	500 g
Vermicompost	300 g
Trichocompost	200 g
Bone meal	40 g
Horn meal	25 g
Neem cake powder	30 g
Mustard cake powder	20 g
Oyster shell powder	15 g
Epsom salt	5 g

 

Mix thoroughly before transplanting.

Monthly Feeding Schedule (per plant)

Time	Materials	Application
Every 30 days	150 g vermicompost	Surface application
Every 45 days	50 g cow dung compost	Surface application
Every 60 days	10 g neem cake	Mix lightly into the surface
Every 60 days	10 g mustard cake (well-decomposed)	Surface application
Every 90 days	10 g bone meal	Light incorporation
Every 90 days	5 g horn meal	Light incorporation
Every 60–90 days	2–3 g Epsom salt dissolved in water	Soil drench
Every 6 months	5 g oyster shell powder	Surface application

 

Yearly Calendar (for continuous sowing)

Month	Activity
At planting	Full base mix
Month 1	Vermicompost + cow dung compost
Month 2	Vermicompost + neem cake + mustard cake
Month 3	Vermicompost + bone meal + horn meal + Epsom salt
Month 4	Repeat Month 1
Continue	Repeat the cycle for successive plantings

 

Chemical Fertilizer Program

Growth stage	Fertilizer	Suggested rate (per m²)	Frequency
Before planting	TSP	30–40 g	Once
Before planting	MOP	20–30 g	Once
Before planting	Urea	10–15 g	Once (starter)
3–4 weeks	Urea	10–15 g	Side-dress
6–8 weeks	Urea + MOP	10–15 g + 10 g	Side-dress
Stem enlargement	Calcium nitrate	10–15 g	Every 2–3 weeks if needed
High-performance production	Potassium nitrate	5–10 g in irrigation water	Every 2–3 weeks

 

For containers, reduce rates proportionally based on soil volume and avoid placing fertilizer directly against the stem.

Rooftop Potting Mix (Bangladesh)

Recommended Composition (100%)

Ingredient	%
Loamy soil	25
Coconut coir dust	20
Cow dung compost	12
Vermicompost	10
Trichocompost	5
Brown river sand	8
Perlite	5
Small stones (5–22 mm)	3
Jhama	3
Cinder	2
Wood charcoal	2
Coconut husk pieces	2
Wood bark	1
Neem cake powder	0.8
Mustard cake powder	0.6
Bone meal	0.5
Horn meal	0.4
Oyster shell powder	0.4
Epsom salt	0.2
Turmeric powder	0.1

 

Approximate Volume Ratio

• 5 parts loamy soil
• 4 parts coir
• 2 parts compost
• 2 parts vermicompost
• 1 part trichocompost
• 1.5 parts sand
• 1 part drainage materials (perlite/jhama/cinder/stone)

Why each ingredient?

Ingredient	Purpose
Coir	Moisture retention
Loamy soil	Nutrient buffering
Vermicompost	Microbial activity and slow nutrient release
Trichocompost	Disease suppression
Sand	Improves drainage
Perlite	Aeration
Charcoal	Adsorbs impurities, improves structure
Small stones/Jhama/Cinder	Prevent compaction and improve drainage
Neem cake	Reduces soil pests
Bone meal	Long-term phosphorus
Horn meal	Slow nitrogen release
Oyster shell	Calcium and pH buffering
Epsom salt	Magnesium and sulfur
Turmeric (small amount)	Traditional antimicrobial supplement; use sparingly

 

Moisture and Drainage

• Moisture: Hold enough water to remain evenly moist without becoming waterlogged.
• Drainage: Water should drain freely within a few minutes after irrigation.

Companion Plants

Good Companions

Plant	Benefit
Carrot	May help confuse certain pests through mixed scent.
Beetroot	Different rooting depth reduces competition.
Lettuce	Efficient use of space.
Celery	Similar moisture requirements.
Spinach	Short-season intercrop.
Strawberry	Often reported to coexist well in mixed beds.

 

Plants to Avoid

Plant	Reason
Beans	Growth suppression has been observed in mixed plantings.
Peas	Similar incompatibility reported in traditional companion planting.

 

Note: Companion planting evidence varies. Pest reduction is often observational rather than consistently demonstrated in controlled trials.

Edible Characteristics

Leeks are harvested for their leaf sheaths (pseudostem) and tender leaves, not for a botanical fruit.

Fruit Characteristics

Not applicable.

Leaf / Pseudostem Characteristics

Characteristic	Description
Taste	Mild onion flavor with slight sweetness
Texture	Crisp when raw; silky when cooked
Aroma	Delicate allium aroma
Bitterness	Very low
Flavor rating	8.5–9/10 (culinary preference; subjective)

 

Pest Management

Pest	Symptoms	Chemical control (active ingredient)	Organic control	Prevention
Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci)	Silvery streaks, distorted leaves	Spinosad, abamectin (follow local labels)	Neem-based products, reflective mulch	Remove weeds, monitor regularly
Onion maggot (Delia antiqua)	Wilting, root tunneling	Cyromazine (where registered)	Crop rotation, exclusion netting	Avoid successive Allium crops
Cutworms	Seedlings cut at soil line	Chlorantraniliprole or other registered actives	Hand removal, collars	Weed control
Aphids	Curling leaves, sticky honeydew	Flonicamid or other registered actives	Insecticidal soap, beneficial insects	Encourage natural predators
Leafminers	Serpentine mines in leaves	Spinosad (where appropriate)	Remove affected leaves	Floating row covers

 

Always follow Bangladesh registration status, label directions, and pre-harvest intervals for any pesticide.

Disease Management

Disease	Cause	Symptoms	Favorable conditions	Chemical treatment	Organic treatment	Prevention
Downy mildew	Peronospora destructor	Pale lesions, gray-violet growth	Cool, humid weather	Appropriate fungicides registered for downy mildew	Improve airflow, remove infected leaves	Avoid overhead irrigation
Purple blotch	Alternaria porri	Purple lesions with yellow halos	Warm, humid conditions	Protective fungicides where registered	Sanitation, crop rotation	Reduce leaf wetness
White rot	Stromatinia cepivora	White fungal growth, plant collapse	Cool, moist soils	Limited; prevention is key	Long crop rotation	Avoid infested soil
Botrytis leaf blight	Botrytis spp.	Leaf tip dieback, gray mold	High humidity	Registered botrytis fungicides	Improve ventilation	Remove infected debris
Fusarium basal rot	Fusarium oxysporum	Yellowing, basal rot	Warm soils	Registered fungicides where available	Healthy planting material	Well-drained soil, rotation

 

Harvest Maturity

Indicators of Harvest Readiness

Characteristic	Ideal Harvest Stage
Stem (white shank) diameter	2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) for standard leeks; baby leeks may be harvested at 1–2 cm. (Utah State University Extension)
Plant height	40–80 cm (16–32 in), depending on cultivar
Leaf color	Dark blue-green to deep green
Stem texture	Firm, crisp, and solid
Aroma	Mild onion-like fragrance
Weight	Typically 150–350 g per market-size plant

 

Harvest Timing

• Baby leeks: 60–75 days
• Standard leeks: 100–150 days
• Winter cultivars: up to 180 days (Utah State University Extension)

Leeks do not need to be harvested immediately upon maturity and can remain in cool-season soil for weeks if conditions remain favorable.

Household Production Requirement

Assuming a family of four in Bangladesh uses leeks mainly in soups, stir-fries, curries, fried rice, and mixed vegetables.

Requirement	Estimated Consumption
Weekly	2–4 leeks (0.4–0.8 kg)
Monthly	8–16 leeks
Yearly	100–180 leeks

 

Recommended Planting Schedule

Purpose	Number of Plants
Occasional use	25–30
Regular household supply	50–70
Heavy users	80–100

 

Succession sowing every 3–4 weeks provides a more continuous harvest than planting all at once.

Yield

Yield varies greatly with cultivar, fertility, blanching method, and planting density.

Unit	Average Yield
Per plant	150–350 g
10–12 L container	1 plant = 150–350 g
60 cm planter	0.8–1.5 kg
Square foot	0.6–1.2 kg
Square meter	4–8 kg
Acre	9–15 tonnes
Hectare	22–37 tonnes

 

Commercial yields commonly fall within this range under good management. (College of Agricultural Sciences)

Life Cycle

Characteristic	Description
Botanical life cycle	Biennial
Cultivation	Usually grown as an annual
Productive period	4–6 months
Flowering	Second year after vernalization
Maximum lifespan	Approximately 2 years

 

Nutritional Value (per 100 g raw)

Based primarily on USDA FoodData Central.

Nutrient	Amount
Energy	61 kcal
Water	83 g
Protein	1.5 g
Fat	0.3 g
Carbohydrate	14.2 g
Dietary fiber	1.8 g
Sugars	3.9 g
Vitamin A	83 µg RAE
Vitamin C	12 mg
Vitamin K	47 µg
Folate	64 µg
Vitamin B6	0.23 mg
Potassium	180 mg
Calcium	59 mg
Magnesium	28 mg
Phosphorus	35 mg
Iron	2.1 mg
Manganese	0.48 mg

 

Major Antioxidants

• Kaempferol
• Quercetin
• Allicin-related sulfur compounds
• Polyphenols
• Flavonoids

Evidence-Based Health Benefits

Scientific literature attributes several potential health benefits to regular consumption of Allium vegetables, including leeks:

• Supports cardiovascular health through flavonoids and potassium.
• Provides antioxidant compounds that help reduce oxidative stress.
• Supplies prebiotic fiber that supports beneficial gut bacteria.
• Contributes vitamins A, C, and K important for immune function and bone health.
• Provides folate, supporting normal cell growth and DNA synthesis.
• Sulfur-containing compounds may contribute to anti-inflammatory activity.
• Fiber promotes satiety and digestive health.

These benefits are associated with dietary patterns rather than being guaranteed effects of eating leeks alone.

Popular Recipes

Bangladeshi Adaptations

Leek Bhaji

Leeks sautéed with garlic, onion, green chili, and mustard oil.

Chicken & Leek Curry

A mild curry where leeks replace or complement onions, producing a sweeter flavor.

International

Potato-Leek Soup (France)

Classic creamy soup featuring potatoes, butter, stock, and leeks.

Welsh Leeks with Cheese

Traditional Welsh baked leeks topped with cheese and breadcrumbs.

Best Sowing Time in Bangladesh

Leeks are a cool-season crop. Bangladesh’s recent climatic patterns continue to favor sowing during the cooler months, while high summer temperatures reduce germination and quality. (BAMIS)

Month	Suitability
October	★★★★★ Excellent
November	★★★★★ Excellent
December	★★★★★ Excellent
January	★★★★☆ Very good
February	★★★☆☆ Acceptable
March	★★☆☆☆ Marginal
April–September	★☆☆☆☆ Generally unsuitable outdoors

 

Why?

• Germination is best at 16–20°C.
• Temperatures above ~30°C reduce germination and increase stress.
• Cooler weather improves stem quality and reduces bolting risk.

For rooftop gardeners, seeds can still be started indoors under cooler conditions outside the main season.

Seeds per Gram

Multiple sources report noticeable variation because seed size differs among cultivars.

Source	Seeds/g
Commercial seed companies	~250
Oregon State estimate (converted)	~390
Other horticultural catalogs	300–350

 

Recommended Summary

Parameter	Value
Minimum	250 seeds/g
Average	320 seeds/g
Maximum	390 seeds/g

 

Propagation

Method	Success
Seed	80–95% (fresh seed under optimum conditions)
Division (second-year clumps)	Moderate
Tissue culture	Research/commercial breeding only

 

Best Method

Seed propagation is overwhelmingly preferred because it is economical, reliable, and preserves cultivar characteristics in commercial production.

Storage

Method	Shelf Life
Refrigerator (0–4°C)	2–3 weeks
Wrapped in perforated plastic	3–4 weeks
Frozen (after blanching)	8–12 months
Vacuum sealed (refrigerated)	3–5 weeks
Vacuum sealed (frozen)	Up to 12 months
Dehydrated	6–12 months (airtight)
Pickled	3–6 months refrigerated

(Utah State University Extension)

32. Special Characteristics

1. The edible “stem” is actually tightly overlapping leaf sheaths (a pseudostem), not a true stem.
2. Leeks tolerate frost better than common bulb onions.
3. Blanching by earthing up or using sleeves produces the prized long white shank.

33. Inspirational Quotes

“Like the leek, true strength grows quietly—layer by layer, beneath patient care.”

“A well-grown leek reminds us that steady nourishment and time create lasting quality.”

34. Lesser-Known Facts

1. Leeks are one of the national emblems of Wales and have been worn as a symbol for centuries.
2. Unlike onions, leeks are harvested before a true bulb develops.
3. The flower heads are attractive to pollinators and are sometimes grown ornamentally if plants are allowed to flower in their second year.

35. Native Region

Item	Description
Native region	Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia (ancestral forms)
Native habitat	Open grasslands and rocky habitats where wild Allium relatives occur
Ecosystem	Temperate Mediterranean environments

36. Origin and History

Leeks were domesticated from wild relatives of Allium ampeloprasum in the Mediterranean region. They have been cultivated for several thousand years and were valued by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Over time, selective breeding emphasized longer white pseudostems, improved winter hardiness, and better disease resistance, giving rise to modern cultivars grown worldwide.

37. Taxonomy

Category	Value
Scientific name	Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum
Common names	Leek, Garden Leek
Family	Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily	Allioideae
Genus	Allium
Species	Allium ampeloprasum
Variety	porrum
Chromosome number	2n = 32

 

Recommended Core References

Peer-reviewed / Scientific

• Xie & Kristensen (2017). European Journal of Agronomy (intercropping and nitrogen dynamics). (Ask IFAS – Powered by EDIS)
• USDA FoodData Central nutrient database. (Ask IFAS – Powered by EDIS)

University Extension

• Utah State University Extension – How to Grow Leeks in Your Garden. (Utah State University Extension)
• University of Maryland Extension – Growing Leeks in a Home Garden. (University of Maryland Extension)
• Oregon State University Vegetable Production Guide. (College of Agricultural Sciences)
• University of Florida IFAS – Leek Cultivation Guide. (Ask IFAS – Powered by EDIS)

Government

• Bangladesh Agro-Meteorological Information Service (BAMIS), Department of Agricultural Extension. (BAMIS)

Commercial Horticultural Sources

• Continental Seeds – Leek production guide and seed specifications. (continentalseeds.com)

Overall Suitability for Bangladesh Rooftop Gardening

Factor	Rating
Container suitability	★★★★★
Rooftop cultivation	★★★★★ (winter season)
Beginner friendly	★★★★☆
Heat tolerance	★★☆☆☆
Monsoon suitability	★☆☆☆☆
Organic cultivation	★★★★★
Yield in containers	★★★★☆
Culinary value	★★★★★

 

*The video links given below is just for reference. You can also try growing them in other known methods.

 

Reference Tutorial Link 1:

 

Reference Tutorial Link 2:

 

Disclaimer: In accordance with the universal custom of seed trade we give no warranty expressed or implied as to description, quality, productivity or any other matter of any way for the crop results beyond the purchased price especially under unsuitable season, abnormal weather, unsuitable soil and other unexpected conditions.

বীজ ব্যবসার সার্বজনীন প্রথা অনুযায়ী আমরা বিশেষত অনুপযুক্ত ঋতুতে, বিশেষত অনিয়মিত আবহাওয়া, অনুপযুক্ত মাটি এবং অন্যান্য ক্রয়মূল্যের বাইরে ফসলের ফলনের বর্ণনা, গুণমান, উৎপাদনশীলতা বা অন্য যে কোনও বিষয়ে বর্ণিত ওয়ারেন্টি প্রদান করি না। অপ্রত্যাশিত শর্ত।

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